The Present Perfect

The Present Perfect tense, or ماضی نقلی in Persian, expresses phrases like "I have already eaten" (.قبلاً غذا خورده ام).

To create the Present Perfect, you must first create the past participle of the verb you wish to use. To do this, simply remove ن- from the end of the infinitive (forming the Past stem) and replace it with ه-. For instance: Once you have formed the past participle, follow it with the appropriate conjugation of بودن in the Present, as an auxiliary verb. Therefore: The است in the 3rd person singular is sometimes omitted, though always in spoken language. To negate the Present Perfect, add -ن before the past participle, with gliding -ی- where necessary.

Note that for compound verbs such as بلد بودن, the non-verb part remains unaffected: The present perfect refers to situations or completed actions that continue to be effective in the present, are in some way or other related to the present, or the results of which are still considered as relevant: Additionally, bear in mind that the Present Perfect also has a subjunctive form. This can be created by using the subjunctive of بودن rather then the present. For instance: